LAUSR

Background Previous reports indicate that posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with overall renal graft loss, but not death-censored graft loss. Methods In this single-center retrospective cohort study of 2749 adult Norwegian renal transplant recipients, transplanted between 1999 and 2011, we estimated overall and death-censored renal graft loss hazard ratios in patients diagnosed with PTDM, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes before transplantation, using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results A total of 893 renal grafts were lost during the study period, either due to recipient death (n = 540) or death-censored graft loss (n = 353). When the observational time started at time of transplantation, diabetes before transplantation was associated with both overall and death-censored graft loss. Pretransplantation diabetes was also associated with a steeper decline in renal graft function, a higher risk of acute rejections and more renal grafts lost due to acute rejection. In patients with a functional renal graft 1 year after transplantation, PTDM was associated with overall graft loss (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.88; P < 0.001), but not death-censored graft loss (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.96; P = 0.33). We found no significant associations between PTDM and change in renal function during the first 5 years or acute rejection risk during the first year after renal transplantation. Impaired glucose tolerance was not associated with either overall or death-censored graft loss. Conclusions The present study confirms previous findings of an increased risk of overall but not death-censored renal graft loss in renal transplant recipients with PTDM. Longstanding diabetes might increase the risk of acute rejections.