LAUSR

Key Points Question What are the incidence patterns and risk factors for second malignant neoplasms (SMN) among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer? Findings This cohort study of 10 574 survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer found that these individuals had a 2.6-fold greater risk of developing SMN compared with individuals with no history of cancer. Risk factors for SMN included demographic factors, stage at diagnosis, and radiation therapy and varied by first cancer type, with survivors of breast cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer having substantially elevated risk for SMN of the same type. Meaning This study suggests that SMN risk is elevated in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer and provides data that may be used to identify individuals at high risk and inform screening for SMN.