LAUSR

Key Points Question What are the long-term outcomes associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota in very preterm newborns? Findings In this cohort study of 577 very preterm newborns across 24 neonatal intensive care units from a French nationwide cohort, gut microbiota at week 4 after birth showed 6 bacterial patterns that varied according to gestational age, perinatal characteristics, individual treatments, and neonatal intensive care unit strategies. Three clusters were associated with 2-year outcomes after adjustment for these confounders. Meaning Modifying strategies associated with alterations in microbiota, such as promoting enteral nutrition, reducing sedation use, promoting early extubation, or skin-to-skin practice, may be correlated with outcomes in preterm newborns.