LAUSR

Key Points Question What are the associations between neighborhood poverty, child cognitive performance, and brain structure after accounting for household-level poverty? Findings This cross-sectional study of 11 875 children aged 9 and 10 years found an association between neighborhood poverty, prefrontal and hippocampal volume, and performance on cognitive tasks. These results remained even after controlling for individual household income. Meaning The findings of this study provide evidence that the broader neighborhood context uniquely contributes to prefrontal and hippocampal development and cognitive performance and should be considered in studies of early life poverty and adversity.