LAUSR

Key Points Question Which gut microbial taxa are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 2166 participants in 2 large population-based studies, lower microbiome Shannon index and richness were associated with less insulin resistance, and patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 193) had lower richness than participants without diabetes. Furthermore, 12 groups of butyrate-producing bacteria were significantly linked to insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Meaning These findings suggest that higher gut microbial diversity, along with specifically more butyrate-producing bacteria, may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes, which may help guide future prevention and treatment strategies.