LAUSR

Key Points Question Do survivors of childhood cancer experience hospitalizations and mortality differentially by race and ethnicity? Findings In this cohort study of 4222 children with cancer from Washington state, mortality was similar across all racial and ethnic minority groups; however compared with non-Hispanic White children, hospitalization was 70% more common 5 years or more after diagnosis among American Indian and Alaska Native children. The pattern of cause-specific hospitalization and death events varied by race and ethnicity, being significantly increased by 20% to 40% for some conditions only for Hispanic children in the first 5 years, whereas among survivors at 5 years or more, 2.4-fold to 3.6-fold statistically significant relative increases were observed for American Indian and Alaska Native children, with greatest increases noted for mental health–related conditions, a pattern also noted for Black children. Meaning Understanding the cause-specific reasons for increased hospitalization by race and ethnicity is key to developing culturally appropriate interventions to reduce morbidity experienced by certain racial and ethnic groups.