LAUSR

Key Points Question What is the incidence of cancer in people with HIV infection in Korea, and does it differ from that in the general population? Findings In a nationwide cohort study of 11 552 HIV-infected individuals, compared with noninfected individuals, the risk of any cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, anal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and oropharyngeal cancer was higher in men infected with HIV, and the risk of cancer, cervical cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was higher in women infected with HIV. The risk of thyroid cancer was lower in all patients infected with HIV. Meaning In this study, cancer risks, especially for AIDS-defining cancer and virus-related cancer, were elevated in people with HIV; the lower risk of thyroid cancer might reflect limited medical access for prevention.