LAUSR

Key Points Question How are machine learning interventions being incorporated into randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in health care? Findings In this systematic review of 41 RCTs of machine learning interventions, despite the large number of medical machine learning–based algorithms in development, few RCTs for these technologies have been conducted. Of published RCTs, most did not fully adhere to accepted reporting guidelines and had limited inclusion of participants from underrepresented minority groups. Meaning These findings highlight areas of concern regarding the quality of medical machine learning RCTs and suggest opportunities to improve reporting transparency and inclusivity, which should be considered in the design and publication of future trials.