LAUSR

Key Points Question Is use of acid suppressants in infants born extremely preterm associated with an increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes? Findings In this cohort study of 889 children born extremely preterm who were assessed at age 10 years, acid suppressant use in the first 24 months of life was associated with decreased IQ and impaired working memory, as well as an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. Use of acid suppressants was not associated with inhibitory control, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, or depression. Meaning The results of this study suggest that acid suppressant use in extremely preterm infants may have long-term neurodevelopmental consequences and add to evidence indicating need for caution in use of these agents.