LAUSR

Key Points Question Are tobacco smoking and marijuana use associated with recurrence risk in patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)? Findings In this cohort study of 1472 adults with NMIBC, two-thirds of whom were former or current cigarette smokers at diagnosis, longer duration and increasing pack-years of cigarette smoking were associated with higher recurrence risk in an exposure-response manner, with up to twice the risk for 40 or more years of smoking and 40 or more pack-years. Pipe, cigar, marijuana, and e-cigarette use were not associated with recurrence risk. Meaning These findings suggest that duration and lifetime pack-years of cigarette smoking were associated with NMIBC recurrence risk in a dose-dependent fashion.