LAUSR

Key Points Question What is the incidence of and outcomes following late-onset meningitis in children born extremely preterm? Findings In this cohort study of 13 372 children born extremely preterm, 1% of children were diagnosed with late-onset meningitis, and 16% of these cases occurred in the absence of a concurrent positive blood culture. Those affected by late-onset meningitis had a high incidence of death or neurodevelopmental impairment. Meaning The association of late-onset meningitis with death or neurodevelopmental impairment highlights the importance of lumbar puncture during the evaluation of late-onset infection.