LAUSR

Key Points Question Are modifiable chronic health conditions (CHCs) and social determinants of health associated with late mortality (death occurring ≥5 years after diagnosis) in childhood cancer survivors? Findings In this cohort study of 9440 eligible individuals who survived 5 or more years after diagnosis of childhood cancer, survivors were at 7-fold significantly increased risk of all-cause and health-related death, with 3407 study participants having 10 or more CHCs of grade 1 to 4 or 3 or more CHCs of grade 3 to 4 at baseline at the highest risk. Having 1 or more modifiable CHCs of grade 2 or higher, living in a US Census block with the most disadvantaged area deprivation index, and having frailty were associated with significant increases in all-cause and health-related late mortality. Meaning These findings suggest that mitigation of socioeconomic factors and modifiable CHCs will be important to improving health outcomes and developing risk-stratification strategies to optimize care delivery to survivors of childhood cancer.