LAUSR

Key Points Question How does the cumulative incidence of lung cancer for persons aged 50 to 80 years in a lung nodule monitoring program (LNP) compare with that in a lung cancer screening (LDCT) cohort? Findings In this cohort study of 6684 participants in an LDCT cohort and 12 645 participants in an LNP cohort, those in the LNP cohort had significantly greater incidence of lung cancer diagnosis within 2 years. Those in the LNP cohort who were ineligible for screening (because of smoking history) had greater hazard than those in the LDCT cohort with no potentially malignant lesions, and those in the LNP cohort who were eligible for screening had greater hazard than those in the LDCT cohort with potentially malignant lesions. Meaning These findings suggest that irrespective of smoking history, LNP participants of lung cancer screening age had a substantial hazard for lung cancer.