LAUSR

Key Points Question Can adverse prenatal, neonatal, and psychosocial conditions identify the earliest risk factors associated with persistent behavioral and emotional dysregulation across early childhood? Findings In this cohort study of 3934 mother-child pairs, preterm birth and the interactive influences of cumulative prenatal substance exposures and psychosocial adversities were associated with persisting high and borderline Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation trajectories across 18 to 72 months of age. Meaning These findings suggest salient indicators of resilience and risk for persisting emotional and behavioral dysregulation to inform earlier and more specific behavioral screening and to target interventions with potential to promote adaptive development among at-risk children.