LAUSR

Key Points Question Within a prostate cancer screening context, is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based screening more cost-effective than no screening and screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone? Findings In this economic evaluation study of 1532 adult men in Sweden, cost-effectiveness analysis showed that MRI-based screening with combined targeted and standard biopsies was associated with reduced lifetime prostate cancer–related deaths and resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US $53 736 per quality-adjusted life-year gained compared with no screening. Compared with PSA screening, MRI-based screening reduced the number of both lifetime biopsies and overdiagnosis by approximately 50%. Meaning These results suggest that screening with PSA and MRI with subsequent combined biopsies for prostate cancer has a high probability to be more cost-effective compared with PSA screening using standard biopsy.