Mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides are an essential material class for a variety of nanoelectronic, energy, and catalyst applications. These materials simultaneously conduct both electronic and ionic species,… Click to show full abstract
Mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides are an essential material class for a variety of nanoelectronic, energy, and catalyst applications. These materials simultaneously conduct both electronic and ionic species, enabling them to be used as electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells,[1–3] batteries,[4–12] permeation membranes,[13] active elements in solar to fuel conversion systems,[14–16] and gas sensors.[17–19] At near ambient temperatures, many of these materials become nearly insulating, and here applications instead take advantage of their Full PaPer
               
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