LAUSR

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) therapy demonstrates a prominent curative effect on the management of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects. In this study, a GBR membrane consisting of a microporous layer and a struvite‐nanowire‐doped fibrous layer is constructed via non‐solvent induced phase separation, followed by an electrospinning procedure to treat critical‐sized calvarial defects. The microporous layer shows selective permeability for excluding the rapid‐growing non‐osteogenic tissues and potential wound stabilization. The nanowire‐like struvite is synthesized as the deliverable therapeutic agent within the fibrous layer to facilitate bone regeneration. Such a membrane displays a well‐developed heterogeneous architecture, satisfactory mechanical performance, and long‐lasting characteristics. The in vitro biological evaluation reveals that apart from being a strong barrier, the bilayer struvite‐laden membrane can actively promote cellular adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Consequently, the multifunctional struvite‐doped membranes are applied to treat 5 mm‐sized bilateral calvarial defects in rats, resulting in overall improved healing outcomes compared with the untreated or the struvite‐free membrane‐treated group, which is characterized by enhanced osteogenesis and significantly increased new bone formation. The encouraging preclinical results reveal the great potential of the bilayer struvite‐doped membrane as a clinical GBR device for augmenting large‐area CMF bone reconstruction.