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Nanoparticles (NPs)-based drug carriers are effective in reducing systemic toxicity and drug resistance for chemotherapy, and an emerging trend focuses on integrating cell membranes with nanomedicines for tumor targeting. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates due to their unique tropism towards cancer cells, yet the tumor-tropic abilities could differ for MSCs sourced from different tissues. Here we develop a multi-channel microfluidic chip to screen different sourced MSCs with the greatest tropism towards cervical cancer cells. Based on this, we isolate the cell membranes from the chorionic plate-derived MSC (CP-MSC) and prepare membrane-camouflaged platinum prodrug (DSP) composite NPs for cervical cancer treatment. Results demonstrate that the composite NPs could effectively target tumor sites and have a therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo. We believe that the present microfluidic platform is a powerful tool for cell screening and tumor-on-a-chip studies, and the derived nano-delivery system represents the great value of cell membrane-camouflaged nanomedicine for targeted cancer therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.