LAUSR

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) have been attracting great attention recently for the storage of stationary energy due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and high working voltage. However, most reports on DIBs involve low mass-loading electrodes (<2.5 mg), while the use of high mass-loading electrodes (>10 mg cm-2 ), which are critical for practical application, is often overlooked. In the present study, an integrated free-standing functional carbon positive electrode MSCG with a "point-line-plane" hierarchical architecture at the practical level of ultrahigh mass-loading (>50 mg cm-2 ) is developed for high-energy-density DIBs. The rationally designed microstructure and the advanced assembly method that was adopted produce a well-interconnected ion/electron transport channel in the MSCG positive electrode, which confers rapid ion/electron kinetic properties to the positive electrode while maintaining good mechanical properties. Consequently, the DIBs with ultrahigh mass-loading MSCG positive electrodes exhibits a high discharge capacity of 100.5 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C (loading mass of 50 mg cm-2 ), and a long-term cycling performance is also achieved with a capacity retention of 87.7% at 1 C after 500 cycles (loading mass of 23 mg cm-2 ). Moreover, the DIB with the ultrahigh mass-loading positive electrode achieves a high energy density of 379 Wh kg-1 based on the mass of electrode materials, which is the highest value recorded to date for any DIBs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.