LAUSR

The treatment of wound infection still constitutes a major threat in health care due to the increasing number of bacterial resistances and the difficulty of timely infection detection. Here, we present a smart antimicrobial system that is activated in case of infection based on elevated lysozyme activities. N‐acetyl chitosan (degree of N‐acetylation: 40%) was synthesized and hydrolysis by lysozyme in artificial wound fluid (AWF) was demonstrated. This resulted in the formation of N‐acetylated chito oligosaccharides (COS) with a degree of polymerization of 2–5 units. The COS were shown to serve as substrate for cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) leading to the production of 1 mM antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after 24 h incubation at 37°C in AWF. Growth inhibition was seen upon incubation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with this chitosan‐CDH system over 8 h. This approach represents the first self‐regulating system for the infection responsive inhibition of bacterial growth in response to lysozyme as infection biomarker. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 416–422. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.