LAUSR

The increasing atmospheric CO 2  level makes CO 2  reduction an urgent challenge facing the world. Catalytic transformation of CO 2  into chemicals and fuels utilizing renewable energy is one of the promising approaches toward alleviating CO 2  emissions. In particular, the selective hydrogenation of CO 2  to methanol utilizing renewable hydrogen potentially enables large scale transformation of CO 2 . The Cu-based catalysts have been extensively investigated in CO 2  hydrogenation. However, it is not only limited by long-term instability but also displays unsatisfactory catalytic performance. The supported metal-based catalysts (Pd, Pt, Au, and Ag) can achieve high methanol selectivity at low temperatures. The mixed oxide catalysts represented by M a ZrO x  (M a  = Zn, Ga, and Cd) solid solution catalysts present high methanol selectivity and catalytic activity as well as excellent stability. This review focuses on the recent advances in developing non-Cu-based heterogeneous catalysts and current understandings of catalyst design and catalytic performance. First, the thermodynamics of CO 2  hydrogenation to methanol is discussed. Then, the progress in supported metal-based catalysts, bimetallic alloys or intermetallic compounds catalysts, and mixed oxide catalysts is discussed. Finally, a summary and a perspective are presented.