LAUSR

The development of stable and efficient hole transporting materials (HTMs) is critical for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel spiro-type HTM that N-ethylcarbazole terminated groups that fully substituted the methoxy group of spiro-OMeTAD, named spiro-carbazole. It is noted that the developed molecule exhibits lower HOMO level, higher hole mobility, and extremely glass transition temperature (T g = 196 o C) than spiro-OMeTAD. So that the PSCs with the developed molecule exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.01%, which surpasses the traditional spiro-OMeTAD (21.12%). Importantly, the spiro-carbazole-based device has dramatically better thermal, humid and long-term stability than spiro-OMeTAD.