LAUSR

Na-based dual-ion batteries (DIBs) are a class of post-lithium technology with advantages including extremely fast charging, cost-effectiveness and high natural abundance of raw materials. Operating up to high voltages (~5.0 V), the decomposition of classic carbonate-based electrolyte formulations and the subsequent fade of capacity continues to be a major drawback in the development of these systems. Here we investigate the performance of a Na-DIB in different commonly employed electrolyte system and optimise a highly concentrated (3M NaPF6) and fluorine-rich carbonate-based formulation to achieve a good performance when compared with literature (based on energy and power density calculated however at coin cell and only using the active mass of active materials).