Assessment of biomarkers is a cornerstone of heart failure (HF) management.1–4 A review from the Biomarkers Working Group of the Heart Failure Association summarizes the utility of biomarkers for defining… Click to show full abstract
Assessment of biomarkers is a cornerstone of heart failure (HF) management.1–4 A review from the Biomarkers Working Group of the Heart Failure Association summarizes the utility of biomarkers for defining and managing congestion on top of clinical evaluation, haemodynamics, and imaging.5 The same group also reviewed the use of circulating biomarkers in clinical trials. They may be used as inclusion criteria, as surrogate endpoints, or as safety endpoints.6
               
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