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Elevated concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) in patients with heart failure (HF) have been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes, but what disease mechanisms high GDF‐15 concentrations represent… Click to show full abstract
Elevated concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) in patients with heart failure (HF) have been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes, but what disease mechanisms high GDF‐15 concentrations represent remains unclear. Here, we aim to identify activated pathophysiological pathways related to elevated GDF‐15 expression in patients with HF.
Keywords:
heart failure;
differentiation factor;
growth differentiation;
patients heart;
heart
Journal Title: European Journal of Heart Failure
Year Published: 2022
Link to full text (if available)
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Journal Title: European Journal of Heart Failure
Year Published: 2022
Link to full text (if available)
Share on Social Media: Sign Up to like & get
recommendations!