LAUSR

Research over the last years has provided increasing understanding about IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells termed Tc17 or IL-17+ CD8+ T cells, their distribution and role in a range of diverse immune processes. These comprise resistance to pathogens and tissue homeostasis, but also contribution to autoimmunity and cancer, as well as involvement in gut inflammation, lung diseases and graft-versus-host-disease. Tc17 cells are regulated by unique differentiation mechanisms distinguishing them from other IL-17-producing T cells, including Th17, mucosal-associated-invariant T cells and γδ17 T cells, thus ensuring their specific function in immune responses. Here we review recent advances in understanding Tc17 cell differentiation and function, highlight experimental evidence from human studies on patients suffering from organ specific autoimmunity including psoriasis, spondyloarthritis and multiple sclerosis as well as from ulcerative colitis and gastrointestinal tract-associated cancers. We also discuss mouse models analyzing Tc17 characteristics, and indicate mechanisms of cross-talk between Tc17 cells and immune or non-immune cells, enabling their effector function in both protective as well as pathologic immune responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.