LAUSR

The products obtained by fast pyrolysis of biomass can be used as an energy source or chemical raw material. In this study, samples of hazelnut shells, tea bush, and hazelnut knot selected as waste biomass were from the cities of Trabzon and Rize in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Firstly, the waste biomass samples were granulated into four different particle sizes by milling and sieving operations. Fast pyrolysis of the samples with specific mixing rates was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Additionally, 2 wt% vanadium (V) oxide (V2O5) was used as catalyst to maximize the yield of pyrolysis liquid products. The influence of temperature, heating rate, and particle size on fast pyrolysis yields under both catalytic and noncatalytic conditions were investigated and compared. While the amount of liquid product increased with the addition of catalyst, the amount of solid products decreased. It has been found that the temperature and heating rate parameters are very effective in liquid product yield. In all experiments, the maximum liquid yield was acquired at the same heating rate of 450°C min−1 and the temperature of 450°C with particle size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. The maximum pyrolysis liquid (bio‐oil) was obtained with catalytic pyrolysis, and this value was 60.58 wt%.