Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic data as an instrumental variable to provide estimates for the causal effect of an exposure X on a health outcome Y that is robust to… Click to show full abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic data as an instrumental variable to provide estimates for the causal effect of an exposure X on a health outcome Y that is robust to confounding. Unfortunately, horizontal pleiotropy—the direct association of a genetic variant with multiple phenotypes—is highly prevalent and can easily render a genetic variant an invalid instrument.
               
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