LAUSR

Although urine‐based human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is promising in cervical cancer screening, it has not yet been well‐developed. Women aged 30–65 were invited to participate in the current study to provide one urine and two paired vaginal samples. Urine was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based HPV test (urine‐based HPV test). Two vaginal samples were tested by careHPV and GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay, respectively. Women with vaginal HPV positive were called back for colposcopy and biopsied if clinically indicated. The consistency was 79.0% (κ = 0.563) and 80.5% (κ = 0.605) between the urine‐based HPV test, careHPV test, and GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay. Against CIN2 detection, the careHPV test showed 77.4% sensitivity, and 71.0% specificity, while the GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 58.7%. For urine‐based HPV test, the corresponding rates were 96.8% and 58.7%. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the urine‐based HPV test and careHPV test (p = 0.3395) and GenPlex® HPV genotyping assay (p = 0.338). The newly developed urine‐based HPV test demonstrated acceptable consistency and comparable clinical performance with referenced HPV tests for vaginal samples. Therefore, urine‐based HPV detection could be a useful alternative for women with difficulties to access cervical cancer screening.