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BACKGROUND Prepared chicken breast deterioration is a complex biochemical process, of which protein change is one of the main reasons. The present research focuses on the analysis of proteins related to the deterioration of quality of prepared chicken breast through differential proteomics analysis. RESULTS The physicochemical indexes of prepared chicken breast showed that the quality gradually decreased at the second week of refrigerated storage, while the deterioration of chicken breast meat was obvious at the third week. Three key time points of quality change were determined to be at 0th , 2th and 5th week, respectively. In addition, 39 differential proteins were successfully identified using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Most of the identified proteins showed significant differences in expressions at the three key points of storage, of which actin, myosin, alpha-1, 4 glucan phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase 1, heat shock protein beta-1, tubulin beta-7 chain and skeletal muscle type tropomodulin (Fragment), were closely related to the quality deterioration of prepared chicken breast, and expected to be indicator proteins to evaluate the quality of chicken breast. CONCLUSION The current study indicated that the physicochemical quality of prepared breast notably changed during refrigerated storage. Three key time points of quality change in the storage process of prepared chicken breast were determined. Furthermore, differential proteomics identified the key proteins related to freshness, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of chicken breast deterioration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.