LAUSR

BACKGROUND Freezing is considered the most suitable technological treatment to avoid Anisakis infection from eating raw or undercooked fish but modifications of their cuticle upon freezing may reduce their resistance to gastric fluids, provoking a higher release of allergens. This work aimed to study the relationship between freezing-induced modifications of Anisakis simplex s.l., antigen recognition, and susceptibility to oral and gastric digestion in spiked fish mince. RESULTS (1) differences between non-treated larvae and larvae that survived freezing/thawing were studied in terms of respiratory capacity, survival in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), recognition of antigens and allergens; and (2) untreated mince (i.e. chilled) containing live larvae, mince frozen at two freezing rates, with a negative (uninfected) mince and a positive mince (infected with broken larvae) as controls, were subjected to the oral and gastric phases of a simulated digestion process. Anisakis able to survive freezing showed lower resistance to gastric fluid (i.e. faster mortality as compared to controls). Untreated larvae released significantly more antigens than freeze-surviving larvae but only after 96 h in SGF. In treatments rendering complete larvae mortality, the highest loss of larvae integrity was found upon fast freezing. There was a positive correlation between antigen release and the number of ruptures of larvae after the oral digestion phase, whereas a more complex trend was observed after oral plus gastric digestion phases. CONCLUSION These results point to a new factor to take into account for sensitized patients and suggest to reduce the numbers of L3 before industrial freezing to minimize risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.