LAUSR

BACKGROUND Integrated wheat management strategies can affect grain yield and flour end-use properties. However, the effect of integrated managements and their interaction with environmental factors on the phenolic acid profiles of wheat has not been reported. Due to their potential health benefits, phenolic acids profile has become another parameter evaluating wheat quality. RESULTS Year × location × management and year × management × genotype interactions were significant for total phenolic content of wheat samples. Year × location × management × genotype interaction was significant for concentration of trans-ferulic acid and several other phenolic acids. Field management practices with no fungicide application (e.g., farmer's practice, enhanced fertility) may lead to increased accumulation of phenolic compounds, especially for WB4458 which is more susceptible to fungi infection. However, this effect was also related to growing year and location. Further, higher soil nitrogen content at sowing seems to positively affect the TPC and phenolic acid concentration. CONCLUSION Wheat phenolic acid profiles are affected by genotype, field management, environment, and their interactions. Especially, intensified field managements may lead to decreased concentration of wheat phytochemicals. Level of naturally occurring nitrogen in the soil may also affect the accumulation of wheat phytochemicals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.