LAUSR

Bulgur bran (BB) is a potential source for the production of value-added products such as fermentable sugars and xylooligosaccharides (XOs). In this study, alkali combined twin-screw extrusion pretreatment was performed and statistically optimized to enhance fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of BB. The pretreatment conditions (barrel temperature, screw speed and alkali impregnation) were optimized by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to obtain the highest hemicellulose separation from BB. The obtained fractions were analyzed for the production of fermentable sugars and XOs. The results revealed that twin-screw extrusion of BB performed at 67°C barrel temperature and 250 rpm screw speed after alkali impregnation at 0.02 g alkali/g biomass concentration provided 40.4% higher hemicellulose separation yield compared to the untreated BB. Alkali combined twin-screw extrusion pretreatment increased the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of BB by 4-fold whereas 13-fold increase was achieved after the separation of hemicellulose from pretreated BB. Xylose (X1)-free xylobiose (X2) was the main product after xylanase hydrolysis of hemicellulose fraction. SEM images confirmed the morphological modifications in BB which were in agreement with the enhanced fractionation performance and the higher enzymatic hydrolysis yield. The results of this study suggested that pretreatment by alkali combined twin-screw extrusion followed by alkali extraction could be a reliable and effective process for fractionation of BB and production of fermentable sugars and XOs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.