LAUSR

The clinical picture of hypomagnesemia can vary between asymptomatic presentations to life-threatening arrhythmia. Hypomagnesemia may have different causes, including low intake, pathological redistribution (ie, refeeding syndrome or treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), and increased loss, for example, via the kidney (familial causes or acquired because of medication associated with hypercalcemia or as a result of alcohol abuse) or gastrointestinal tract (eg, because of diarrhea, vomiting, malabsorption, or proton pump inhibitors). Classical features include cardiovascular complications, associated metabolic abnormalities (ie, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia), neuromuscular, and neurological manifestations. Acuteonset movement disorders along with vertical downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a further, under-recognized, presentation.