LAUSR

modi fi cation and neuroprotection are still unmet needs in Parkinson ’ s disease (PD), due to several challenges, including multiple pathogenic the upregulation of genes involved in proteasomal function, mitochondrial homeostasis, and antioxidant function. Particu-larly, given the lack of effective neuroprotective therapies and compounds targeting single pathways of neurodegeneration that have failed to maintain their ef fi cacy when tested in phase II and III trials. 1 NAD + supplementation with NR appears to impact multiple pathways involved in the pathophysiology of PD, supporting further investigation of NR as a promising adjunct to the current treatments of PD.