LAUSR

Myelin imaging in the central nervous system is essential for monitoring pathologies involving white matter alterations. Various quantitative MRI protocols relying on the modeling of the interactions of water protons with myelinated tissues have shown sensitivities in case of myelin disruption. Some extracted model parameters are more sensitive to demyelination, such as the bound pool fraction (f) in quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMTI), the radial diffusivity in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and the myelin water fraction (MWF) in myelin water imaging (MWI). A 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence within an appropriate water suppression condition (Diff‐UTE) is also considered for the direct visualization of the myelin semi‐solid matrix (Diff‐UTE normalized signal; rSPF). In this paper, we aimed at assessing the sensitivities and correlations of the parameters mentioned above to an immuno‐histological study of the myelin basic protein (MBP) in a murine model of demyelination at 7 T. We demonstrated a high sensitivity of the MRI metrics to demyelination, and strong Spearman correlations in the corpus callosum between histology, macromolecular proton fraction (ρ>0.87) and Diff‐UTE signal (ρ>0.76), but moderate ones with radial diffusivity and MWF (|ρ|<0.70).