LAUSR

In materials, the evolution of crack surfaces is intimately linked with the self‐contact occurring between them. The developed contact forces not only mitigate the effect of stress concentration at crack tip but also contribute significantly to the transfer of shear and normal stresses. In this article, we present a numerical framework to study the simultaneous process of fracture and self‐contact between fracturing surfaces. The widely used approach, where contact constraints are enforced with the cohesive element traction separation law, is demonstrated to fail for relative displacements greater than the characteristic mesh length. A hybrid approach is proposed, which couples a node‐to‐segment contact algorithm with extrinsic cohesive elements. Thus, the fracture process is modeled with cohesive elements, whereas the contact and the friction constraints are enforced through a penalty‐based method. This hybrid cohesive‐contact approach is shown to alleviate any mesh topology limitations, making it a reliable and physically based numerical model for studying crack propagation along rough surfaces.