Animal studies using various stress models have shown that excessive environmental stress induces depression? and anxiety?like behaviors through inflammatory responses in the brain and periphery. Although the leptomeningeal cells have… Click to show full abstract
Animal studies using various stress models have shown that excessive environmental stress induces depression? and anxiety?like behaviors through inflammatory responses in the brain and periphery. Although the leptomeningeal cells have multiple functions related to inflammatory responses in the brain, whether environmental stress influences the leptomeninges remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine phosphorylation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in the leptomeninges.
               
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