LAUSR

Abstract The in vivo folding of amyloid β (Aβ) is influenced by many factors among which biomembrane interfaces play an important role. Here, using surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the adsorption, structure, and morphology of Aβ42 aggregating on different two‐dimensional interfaces were investigated. Results show that interfaces facilitate the aggregation of Aβ42 and are conducive to the formation of homogeneous aggregates, while the aggregates vary on different interfaces. On hydrophobic interfaces, strong hydrophobic interactions with the C‐terminus of Aβ42 result in the formation of small oligomers with a small proportion of the β‐sheet structure. On hydrophilic interfaces, hydrogen‐bonding interactions and electrostatic interactions promote the formation of large aggregate particles with β‐sheet structure. The hydration repulsion plays an important role in the interaction of Aβ42 with interfaces. These findings help to understand the nature of Aβ42 adsorption and aggregation on the biomembrane interface and the origin of heterogeneity and polymorphism of Aβ42 aggregates.