LAUSR

BACKGROUND Insect neuropeptides control essential physiological metabolic activities. In our previous studies, Capability/CAP2b (PK/CAPA) analog 1895 applied alone or as a combination of CAPA analogs (1895+2315) was reported to decrease aphid fitness. While this was obtained with the combination of two peptide analogs of the same neuropeptide class, the effect of combining peptide analogs of different neuropeptide classes has not been explored so far. RESULTS In this study, we assessed the effect of combinations of the PK/CAPA analog 1895 with neuropeptide analogs of four different classes (adipokinetic hormones analog: 2271; myosuppressin analog: 2434; kinin analog: 2460; tachykinin-related peptide analog: 2463) on the fitness of aphids. We found that the combination of 1895 and AKH analog 2271 was the most effective one to control Myzus persicae. The triple combination 1895+2271+2315 provided a synergistic effect by further increasing aphid mortality and reducing reproduction relative to 1895+2315. Additionally, a biosafety assessment of the combination 1895+2271+2315 showed no significant lethal nor sub-lethal effects on survival rates and food intake for the pollinator (Bombus terrestris) and the two representative natural enemies (Harmonia axyridis and Nasonia vitripennis). CONCLUSION These results could facilitate establishment of the triple combination 1895+2315+2271, and/or inclusion of 2nd generation analogs, as alternatives to broad spectrum and less friendly insecticides. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.