LAUSR

BACKGROUND Here we report the residual efficacy of the neonicotinoid insecticide Clothianidin against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti. We first conducted a range-finding evaluation of Clothianidin on three different substrates (wall, wood, cloth) using three doses (100, 300 and 600 mg a.i./m2 ) and conducting WHO cone bioassays to assess acute (24h) and delayed (up to 7 days) mortality. In experimental houses located in Merida (Mexico) and using free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti females, we then quantified the acute and delayed mortality after a 24-hour exposure to the targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS) of two Clothianidin doses (100 and 300 mg a.i./m2 ). RESULTS Range-finding studies with WHO cones showed low (<50%) acute mortality for all surfaces, doses and times post spraying. Delayed mortality was higher, with average values above or close the 60% mark (and 95% CI estimates crossing 80% for the 600 mg a.i./m2 dose). In experimental houses, a similar low acute mortality was quantified (range of mortality across 12 months, 2-44% for 100 mg a.i./m2 and 8-61% for 300 mg a.i/m2 ). However, delayed mortality showed a strong effect of Clothianidin on free-flying Ae. aegypti, with values above 80% up to 7 months post-TIRS. CONCLUSION Novel residual insecticide molecules have a promising outlook for Ae. aegypti control and can contribute to the expansion and adoption of TIRS in urban areas. Clothianidin can contribute to the control of resistant Ae. aegypti and provide residual control for up to 7 months after application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.