LAUSR

BACKGROUND Fruit flies are internationally important quarantine or invasive pests of many fruits and vegetables and can cause serious economic losses. Long-term reliance on insecticides for controlling these pests has led to increasing resistance to multiple insecticides; hence, a new agent is needed. In this study, the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the novel insecticide broflanilide on four adult fruit fly species, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera tau, and Bactrocera correcta, were evaluated. RESULTS Broflanilide was effective against B. dorsalis and B. correcta, with lethal concentration values (amount required to kill 50% of animals; LC50 ) of 0.390 and 1.716 mg/L. However, for B. cucurbitae (19.673 mg/L) and B. tau (24.373 mg/L), the LC50 was 50-60 times higher than that of B. dorsalis. The survival rates of B. correcta and B. cucurbitae were significantly lower under LC50 treatment than those of the control (corrected for mortality rate). Sublethal concentrations of broflanilide stimulated fecundity in all species except B. tau. The hatching rate at LC50 was significantly lower for B. correcta and B. tau compared with the control and even more so for B. correcta, which was 0. CONCLUSION Broflanilide is potentially an effective insecticide for controlling B. dorsalis and B. correcta. However, the variation in toxicity of broflanilide to the four fruit flies suggests that species variation needs to be carefully considered. Our results highlight the importance of clarifying the sublethal effects of insecticides on target insects to ensure the comprehensive evaluation and rational use of insecticides.