LAUSR

BACKGROUND Bactrocera dorsalis, oriental fruit fly (OFF), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. Although bait sprays can effectively control OFF, resistance development has been a concern. We evaluated the oviposition deterrent activity of coconut free fatty acids (CFFA), a mixture of eight coconut oil-derived fatty acids known to repel hematophagous insects and deter their feeding and oviposition, against OFF females. RESULTS In laboratory 72-hr two-choice assays using guava-juice infused-agar as an oviposition substrate, CFFA deterred OFF oviposition in a dose-dependent manner with the greatest reduction of 87% at 20 mg dose compared to the control. When the eight CFFA components were tested individually, four compounds (caprylic, capric, oleic, and linoleic acids) significantly reduced OFF oviposition ("negative-compounds"), two (lauric and myristic acids) had no effect ("neutral-compounds"), and two (palmitic and stearic acids) stimulated OFF oviposition ("positive-compounds"). In two-choice tests, the "negative-compounds" blend failed to elicit the same level of oviposition reduction as CFFA at equivalent concentrations found in CFFA. Adding the two "neutral-compounds" recovered the oviposition deterrence similar to CFFA. Subsequent subtraction tests showed that four "negative-compounds" plus lauric acid was as effective as CFFA in reducing OFF oviposition in guava-juice agar. This five-component key-deterrent blend also reduced OFF oviposition by 95 and 72% on papaya and tomato fruit, respectively. CONCLUSION CFFA acts as an oviposition deterrent for OFF. Given that CFFA compounds are generally regarded as safe for humans and the environment, CFFA and its bioactive components have potential use in behavioral control strategies against OFF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.