LAUSR

Chronic acrylamide (ACR) intoxication causes typical pathology of axon degeneration. Moreover, sterile‐α and toll/interleukin 1 receptor motif‐containing protein 1 (SARM1), the central executioner of the programmed axonal destruction process under various insults, is up‐regulated in ACR neuropathy. However, it remains unclear whether inhibitors targeting SARM1 are effective or not. Among all the pharmacological antagonists, berberine chloride (BBE), a natural phytochemical and the first identified non‐competitive inhibitor of SARM1, attracts tremendous attention. Here, we observed the protection of 100 μM BBE against ACR‐induced neurites injury (2 mM ACR, 24 hr) in vitro, and further evaluated the neuroprotective effect of BBE (100 mg/kg p.o. three times a week for 4 weeks) in ACR‐intoxicated rats (40 mg/kg i.p. three times a week for 4 weeks). The expression of SARM1 was also detected. BBE intervention significantly inhibited the overexpression of SARM1, ameliorated axonal degeneration, alleviated pathological changes in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord, and improved neurobehavioral symptoms in ACR‐poisoned rats. Thus, BBE exhibits a strong neuroprotective effect against the SARM1‐dependent axon destruction in ACR neuropathy. Meanwhile, our study underscores the need for appropriate inhibitor selection in diverse situations that would benefit from blocking the SARM1‐dependent axonal destruction pathway.