LAUSR

This study evaluated the effects of different sub‐grid orographic drag schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, selecting as case studies the typhoons Bavi and Haishen in Northeast China. The results demonstrated that the sub‐grid orographic drag scheme effectively reduces the 10‐m wind speed bias and improves the simulation precipitation compared to meteorological station observations. By combining the gravity wave drag (GWD), flow blocking, and turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) schemes, wind speed is simulated more realistically than with only the individual schemes. This combination results in the smallest mean absolute error (MAE) of precipitation at the stations, with reductions of 18.7% and 27.2% for Bavi and Haishen, respectively. The root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) of precipitation decreased by 25.0% and 29.8%, respectively. Additionally, the GWD and flow‐blocking schemes significantly enhanced the low‐level water vapor transport. In contrast, the TOFD scheme had a more pronounced effect on improving the 10‐m wind field. The drag effect extends to the upper troposphere, inhibiting circulation throughout the entire tropospheric layer. Compared to the upper atmosphere, the stronger enhancement of low‐level airflow resistance leads to more noticeable improvements in the lower atmosphere. Both of the two sub‐grid parameterization schemes also mitigate water vapor transport during the typhoon landfall process, mainly by influencing dynamic processes in complex orography.