LAUSR

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) describes a slow, sustained depolarization within the cerebral gray matter that renders neurons unable to fire action potentials, resulting in widespread neuronal depression. CSD has been observed in stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and migraines and is a potential indicator of imminent neuronal death. Therefore, the identification, monitoring, and treatment of CSD are crucial in both neurointensive care and neurosurgical settings. Such measures are paramount for optimizing outcomes among patients with neurological injuries. However, this slow‐spreading depolarization at high amplitudes presents challenges to identifying and monitoring CSD in clinical settings. We aim to identify various current and potential techniques for monitoring CSD in neurocritical care and neurosurgical settings, alongside exploring available treatment modalities. We also analyze current limitations in the detection of CSD, including the identification of potential biomarkers.