LAUSR

Recently it was reported that the implantation of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and collagen composite (OCP–collagen) was effective at promoting bone healing in small bone defects after cystectomy in humans. In addition, OCP–collagen promoted bone regeneration in a critical‐sized bone defect of a rodent or canine model. In this study, OCP–collagen was implanted into a human mandibular bone defect with a longer axis of approximately 40 mm, which was diagnosed as a residual cyst with apical periodontitis. The amount of OCP–collagen implanted was about five times greater than the amounts implanted in previous clinical cases. Postoperative wound healing was satisfactory and no infection or allergic reactions occurred. The OCP–collagen‐treated lesion was gradually filled with radio‐opaque figures, and the alveolar region occupied the whole of the bone defect 12 months after implantation. This study suggests that OCP–collagen could be a useful bone substitute material for repairing large bone defects in humans that might not heal spontaneously. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.