LAUSR

The demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is the most widely used bone allograft, which is obtained by removing the mineral component of bone, leading to exposure of the proteins responsible for osteoinduction. For clinical use, DBM shall be formulated with a carrier that provides consistency and improves its osteoinduction. In this study, three DBM formulations with glycerol (Gly), hyaluronic acid (HA), and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) were evaluated measuring their physicochemical properties (microstructure, compressive strength, and serum cohesivity) and their osteoinductive capacity both in vitro using C2C12 cells and umbilical cord human mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo in an ectopic bone formation model in athymic mice. To assess the effectiveness of DBM in vitro in inducing the differentiation into osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed in combination with a cytotoxicity assay. In vivo, new bone formation was assessed by histological and radiological analysis.