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Clearing the air: clarifying the causal role of smoking in mental illness

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151 plete with examples of the youthful hero or heroine’s journey from adversity and despair to triumph and success, supporting the empirical evidence that the path to resilience is paved… Click to show full abstract

151 plete with examples of the youthful hero or heroine’s journey from adversity and despair to triumph and success, supporting the empirical evidence that the path to resilience is paved with protective relationships and resources. What is lacking from many trauma-focused interventions is an acknowledgement that PACEs are powerful elements of everyday life that already exist, or can be engineered to occur routinely and frequently, and can be leveraged to support treatment goals and activities. Our research indicates that adults can benefit from current PACEs as well as previous experiences from childhood. We have created an Adult PACEs Plan that encourages adults to choose one or two PACEs to work on each month with a group of adults. As with PACEs for children of different ages, adult PACEs focus on relationships and enriching experiences. Anecdotally, we have found that individuals benefit from focusing on simple activities that strengthen relationships and impose structure and routine. In summary, PACEs are often overlooked but powerful tools, that can support therapeutic interventions and mental health throughout the life course.

Keywords: air clarifying; causal role; clarifying causal; clearing air; smoking mental; role smoking

Journal Title: World Psychiatry
Year Published: 2023

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