LAUSR

Although RNA interference is widely used for gene silencing, unintended gene modulation generated by off-target effects represents a major barrier to its applications in biology and medicine. Off-targeting can be induced by both the sense and antisense siRNA strands. An approach to minimizing off-target gene silencing by the sense strand would be the blockade of the 5'-end phosphorylation, thereby impeding its entry into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In this chapter, a biotin group at the 5'-end of the sense strand was used to inhibit its incorporation into RISC, thereby facilitating the antisense strand selection and enhancing siRNA cleavage potency. Biotin is a naturally occurring compound, and its presence in siRNA sequences will not induce additional side effects.